e(x) = ( x + K ) mod N | is encoding function, and | |
d(x) = ( x - K ) mod N | is decoding function, where x ∈ |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | A |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | A |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / | : | ; | |
Ciphertext characters | 9 | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / | : | ; | < | |
Plaintext characters | < | = | > | ? | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | ` | { | | | } | ~ | |||||
Ciphertext characters | = | > | ? | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | ` | { | | | } | ~ | A |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | X | U | R | L | W | O | P | N | E | J | F | Y | V | I | Q | Z | H | M | D | C |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | S | T | K | G | B | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | k | c | v | u | f | p | j | m | b | n | h | i | z | y | w | q | r | g | x | e |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | o | a | d | t | s | l |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | q | U | K | Y | g | R | o | s | P | O | x | w | t | Q | C | F | b | h | j | z |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | u | i | V | y | E | Z | N | G | M | r | v | k | n | S | f | l | I | H | W | D |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | m | T | c | B | d | X | e | J | p | a | A | L |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 6 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | F | 1 | L | M | Q | 7 | Z | J | 2 | I | 6 | E | V | N | R | K | B | U | W | 8 |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | 4 | A | 0 | 9 | P | X | S | T | O | 3 | Y | G | D | H | 5 | C |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | g | o | k | 4 | z | a | w | 9 | c | 0 | 7 | y | b | m | p | l | u | 3 | n | s |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | 8 | x | 1 | 5 | 6 | t | j | r | d | i | q | v | f | h | 2 | e |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | b | H | w | 9 | W | K | C | d | P | k | N | F | 4 | I | 3 | r | x | 6 | L | y |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | g | V | E | o | s | G | m | D | J | B | Z | 7 | M | t | c | T | l | a | Y | f |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | i | O | Q | z | q | p | u | e | A | X | R | 1 | 2 | 5 | S | h | j | v | 0 | n |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | 8 | U |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | T | V | C | Y | O | H | J | N | Z | X | Q | S | G | F | M | E | D | B | P | |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | I | W | R | K | U | A | L |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | g | t | v | a | z | e | h | u | s | c | f | n | k | q | y | i | l | r | d | |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | x | b | j | p | w | o | m |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | W | E | d | H | J | g | y | h | c | I | G | x | O | m | B | p | l | o | K | e |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | X | V | f | A | k | b | R | Z | t | j | L | u | C | P | s | T | z | w | N | v |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | n | F | r | M | q | D | Q | i | Y | U | a | S |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
Ciphertext characters | 4 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 9 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | W | I | J | L | 5 | 9 | V | E | 6 | Y | U | X | Q | C | B | 8 | 0 | G | T | N |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | K | 1 | 7 | M | S | 4 | F | O | 3 | R | 2 | Z | P | D | H | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | 8 | l | i | 7 | t | 0 | x | y | 2 | 9 | f | 5 | r | z | k | o | 3 | c | v | |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | 1 | p | 6 | d | n | g | u | b | j | e | h | s | 4 | q | a | w | m |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | W | e | g | 7 | t | 4 | A | n | 6 | C | Y | E | Z | i | a | K | 0 | X | H | F |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | h | S | w | B | y | O | R | J | T | r | x | N | 8 | m | k | U | G | V | M | D |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | I | u | L | v | 2 | Q | 9 | l | 1 | p | z | 5 | j | o | c | P | s | b | 3 | |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | f | d | q |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | @ | P | p | M | ? | n | F | a | L | u | _ | ` | Z | Y | ! | g | z | S | ' | E |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | 3 | V | / | d | 5 | D | + | j | e | x | " | # | & | } | < | * | 6 | ) | q | |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | ; | h | . | U | 7 | 4 | C | T | Q | = | O | t | w | l | i | G | ~ | y | B | , |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / | : | ; | |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | K | \ | > | - | H | 0 | X | c | | | k | v | 8 | $ | ^ | N | { | A | % | 9 |
Plaintext characters | < | = | > | ? | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | ` | { | | | } | ~ | |||||
Ciphertext characters | [ | b | I | o | 2 | J | ( | : | r | m | R | s | W | ] | f |
e(x) = ( A⋅x + B ) mod N | is encoding function, and | |
d(x) = (( x - B ) / A ) mod N | is decoding function, where x ∈ |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | A |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | ||||||||
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | A |
Plaintext characters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
Ciphertext characters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t |
Ciphertext characters | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u |
Plaintext characters | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||
Ciphertext characters | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | a |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ciphertext characters | 9 | A |
Plaintext characters | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |
Ciphertext characters | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U |
Plaintext characters | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n |
Ciphertext characters | V | W | X | Y | Z | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
Plaintext characters | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ciphertext characters | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Plaintext characters | 8 | 9 | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / | : | ; | |
Ciphertext characters | 9 | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / | : | ; | < | |
Plaintext characters | < | = | > | ? | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | ` | { | | | } | ~ | |||||
Ciphertext characters | = | > | ? | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | ` | { | | | } | ~ | A |
e(x1, x2, ... , xm) = ( (x1+p(k1)) mod N, (x2+p(k2)) mod N, ... , (xm+p(km)) mod N) | is encoding function, and | |
d(x1, x2, ... , xm) = ( (x1-p(k1)) mod N, (x2-p(k2)) mod N, ... , (xm-p(km)) mod N) | is decoding function, where x ∈ and | |
p(x) is a position of a character x in the alphabet. |
e(x) = x ⨯ K mod N (all arythmetics is done in ℤN) | is encoding function, and | |
d(x) = x ⨯ K-1 mod N (all arythmetics is done in ℤN) | is decoding function |